Compounds
A Compound is a substance formed when two or more different chemical elements are chemically bonded together.
The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance.
A substance formed when two or more different chemical elements are chemically bonded together.
Molecular Compound: Are compounds formed from two or more nonmetallic elements held together by covalent bonds.
Covalent
Covalent Bond: is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
Covalent Compound: is a molecule formed by covalent bonds, in which the atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.
Ions
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose one or more electrons.
- Cations: When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes positively charged because it has more protons than electrons. These positively charged ions are called cations.
- Anions: When an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes negatively charged because it has more electrons than protons. These negatively charged ions are called anions.
Example Of Iconic Bond
Ionic Bond: is a chemical bond formed when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom.
This photo shows how the octet rule helps us understand why atoms form ions. Atoms want to be stable and reach “nobility” by gaining or losing electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Ionic Charge
The main group elements will usually gain or lose electrons in order to get a full octet of valence electrons. By figuring out how many electrons an element is likely to lose or gain to reach a full octet, we can predict the charge on the ion.
*Note* These charges only apply when these elements are found in ionic compounds since covalent compounds don’t contain ions.
Electron Configuration
Common Ionic Compounds
When naming ionic compounds the positve ion keeps it’s name and the negitvie ion becomes “ide”. ie. Sodium Chloride
- Ionic Compound: is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.
- Electrostatic Force: is an attractive as well as repulsive force caused by the electric charge particles.
Molecular Shapes
The shape of a molecule depends upon the number of valence shell electron pairs (bonded or non-bonded) around the central atom. Pairs of electrons in the valence shell repel one another since their electron clouds are negatively charged.
